The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (often abbreviated to ADR) was a governing coalition in

Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states ...

between numerous non-

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

parties which had

absolute majority A supermajority, supra-majority, qualified majority, or special majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority ru ...

in the

Moldovan Parliament The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova is the supreme representative body of the Republic of Moldova, the only state legislative authority, being a unicameral structure composed of 101 elected MPs on lists, for a period of 4 years. Parliamen ...

after the 1998 parliamentary election.

The overall context

At the

legislative elections A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

on March 22, 1998, the

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Партидул Комуништилор дин Република Молдова, italic=no, Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova; russian: Партия коммунистов Р ...

(PCRM) gained 40 of the 101 places in the

, but was reduced to opposition when an Alliance for Democracy and Reforms was formed by the

Democratic Convention of Moldova The Democratic Convention of Moldova ( ro, Convenţia Democrată din Moldova, CDM) was a political alliance in Moldova. History The CDM was formed in 1997,Andrei Brezianu & Vlad Spânu (2007) ''Historical Dictionary of Moldova'', Scarecrow Press ...

(26 MPs),

For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova ( ro, Pentru o Moldovă Democratică și Prosperă, PMDP) was a political alliance in Moldova led by Dumitru Diacov. History The PMDP was formed around the For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova Social-Po ...

(24 MPs), and the

Party of Democratic Forces The Party of Democratic Forces ( ro, Partidul Forțelor Democratice, PFD) was a political party in Moldova. History The party was established in January 1993 as the Congress of Intellectuals, a breakaway from the Christian Democratic Popular Fro ...

(11 MPs). It is important that a former First Secretary of the

Communist Party of Moldavia The Communist Party of Moldavia ( ro, Partidul Comunist al Moldovei, PCM; Moldovan Cyrillic: Партидул Комунист ал Молдовей; russian: Коммунистическая партия Молдавии) was the ruling and the ...

(PCM),

Petru Lucinschi Petru Lucinschi (; born 27 January 1940) is a former Moldovan politician who was Moldova's second President (1997–2001). Biography Early life and education Petru Lucinschi was born on 27 January 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroc ...

, was the

President of Moldova The President of the Republic of Moldova () is the head of state of Moldova. The current president is Maia Sandu, who assumed office on 24 December 2020. Duties and functions The office of the presidency in Moldova is largely ceremonial, w ...

during the activity of The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR).

Activity

The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR) government was formed as a result of complex negotiations between democratic parties and was the first coalition government in the history of independent

. The ADR government included representatives of all political parties which were members of the coalition. The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms had three

Prime Ministers A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

. The activity of the second government of

Ion Ciubuc Ion Ciubuc (; 29 May 1943 – 29 January 2018) was an economist and a Moldovan politician who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Moldova from January 1997 to February 1999. Biography Ion Ciubuc was born on 29 May 1943 in the village of Hădăr� ...

(May 22, 1998 – February 1, 1999), the acting government of

Serafim Urechean Serafim Urechean (born 2 February 1950 in Larga, Briceni District) is a Moldovan politician. He held the position of general mayor of Chișinău municipality (1994–2005) and interim prime minister of the Republic of Moldova (5 – 17 February 19 ...

(February 5–17, 1999), and the government of

Ion Sturza Ion Sturza (born 9 May 1960) is a Moldovan politician and businessman who served as Prime Minister of Moldova from 19 February to 12 November 1999. On 21 December 2015, President Nicolae Timofti nominated Ion Sturza to occupy the position of prime ...

(February 19–November 9, 1999) were marked by chronic political instability, which prevented a coherent reform program. Foreign policy was marked by a duality of belonging to the

CIS Cis or cis- may refer to: Places * Cis, Trentino, in Italy * In Poland: ** Cis, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central ** Cis, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north Math, science and biology * cis (mathematics) (cis(''θ'')), a trigonome ...

and steps towards a rapprochement with

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

. The Christian Democratic Popular Front (PPCD) voted with the

Communist Party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A ...

(PCRM) for the dismissal of the Alliance government on November 9, 1999. Disagreements that appeared within the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR), caused to some degree by displeasure with seat distributions, led to its disintegration and an overwhelming Party of Communists (PCRM) victory at the 2001 parliamentary election. In the next decade, the Party of Communists (PCRM) used very successfully the incoherent activity of the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR) for discrediting any form of

political coalition This is a list of political groups by country. A political group also known as a political alliance, coalition or bloc, is cooperation by members of different political parties on a common agenda of some kind. This usually involves formal agreeme ...

formed without them. Their constant criticism of the future Alliance For European Integration (AIE) is a good example.

References

External links

Governments Take Hard Hits to Qualify for World Bank Loans
{{Moldovan political parties Defunct political party alliances in Moldova 1998 in Moldova 1999 in Moldova Coalition governments